The National Anthem of the People's Republic of China
China's anthem "Yiyonggjun Jinxingqu" (The March of the Volunteers), written in 1935, was adopted when the Communists took power in 1949. The anthem was also the theme song of the film, Sons and Daughters in a Time of Storm. The film tells the story of those who went to the front to fight the Japanese invaders in northeast China in the 1930s, when the fate of the nation was hanging in the balance. The "March of the Volunteers" gave voice to the Chinese people’s determination to sacrifice themselves for national liberation, expressing China’s admirable tradition of courage, resolution and unity in fighting foreign aggression. The anthem is almost never known as "Yiyongjun Jinxingqu" (the March of the Volunteers). Most people in China just call it the "Zhongguo Guoge" (Chinese National Song), or, more formally, the "Zhonghua Renmin Gongheguo Guoge" (National Song of the People's Republic of China).
During the Cultural Revolution (a period of Chinese history roughly from the mid 1960's to the early or mid 1970's, when Mao Zedong was in power "The March of the V
olunteers" was forbidden to be sung (Tian Han, the writer of the lyrics, was also imprisoned), and the song "The East Is Red" (a song that mentions the Communist party and Mao, neither of which are in "The March d 1960s to the early or mid 1970s, of the Volunteers") was the de facto anthem. In 1978, after Mao's death, "The March of the Volunteers" was restored as the anthem, but with different words, which mention Mao and the Party. The original lyrics were restored in1982.
olunteers" was forbidden to be sung (Tian Han, the writer of the lyrics, was also imprisoned), and the song "The East Is Red" (a song that mentions the Communist party and Mao, neither of which are in "The March d 1960s to the early or mid 1970s, of the Volunteers") was the de facto anthem. In 1978, after Mao's death, "The March of the Volunteers" was restored as the anthem, but with different words, which mention Mao and the Party. The original lyrics were restored in1982.Nie Er (February 14, 1912 — July 17, 1935), was a Chinese composer. He is known for composing the national anthem of the People's Republic of China, the March of the Volunteers. In numerous Shanghai magazines he went by the English name "George Njal".
Nie Er's ancestors were from Yuxi, Yunnan, in southwest China. He was born in Kunming, Yunnan. From an early age Nie Er displayed an interest in music. From 1918 he studied at the Kunming Normal Sch
ool's Associated Primary School. In his spare time, he learnt to play traditional instruments such as the dizi, erhu, sanxian, and yueqin, and became the conductor of the school's Children's Orchestra. In 1922 he entered the Private Qiushi Primary School (Senior Section), and in 1925 entered Yunnan Provincial Number One Combined Middle School.
ool's Associated Primary School. In his spare time, he learnt to play traditional instruments such as the dizi, erhu, sanxian, and yueqin, and became the conductor of the school's Children's Orchestra. In 1922 he entered the Private Qiushi Primary School (Senior Section), and in 1925 entered Yunnan Provincial Number One Combined Middle School.In 1927 Nie Er graduated from Yunnan Provincial Number One Combined Middle School, and entered Yunnan Provincial Number One Normal School. At school, he participated in the Book Club, and organised the "Nine-Nine Music Society", which performed within the school and outside. During this time, he learnt to play the violin and the piano.
In June 1931, Nie Er entered the "Mingyue Musical Drama Society" as a violinist. In July 1932 he published A Short Treatise on Chinese Song and Dance, in which he criticised the Drama Society's president, Li Jinhui, as a result of which he was forced to leave the society. Prior to joining the Lianhua Film Studio on November 1932, he took part in shaping the Bright Moonlight Song and Dance Troupe. He later joined the musical group of the "Friends of the Soviet Union Society". He also organised the "Chinese Contemporary Music Research Group", which participated in the Leftist Dramatist's Union. In 1933, Nie Er joined the Communist Party of China.
In April 1934, Nie Er joined the Baak Doi record company and managed the musical section. In the same year he founded the Pathé National Orchestra. This was a prolific year for Nie Er in terms of musical output. In early 1935, he composed the March of the Volunteers. In January 1935 Nie Er became the director of the musical department of Lianhua Number Two Studio.
On July 17, 1935, he drowned while swimming in Japan, at the age of 23. He might have been en route to the Soviet Union, passing through Japan to receive training, sent by the Chinese Communist Party. Some suspect that he was killed by Japanese right-wing radicals. Others suspect that he was killed by Chinese Nationalists, as he was in Japan to flee from them. However, as he disappeared while swimming with his friends, killing him was difficult, and swimming in mid-July is a bit early there, so he most likely drowned. He was found by the local rescue team the following day. According to them and the police, the condition from his body was not different from that of ordinary drowned bodies.
Nie Er wrote a total of 37 pieces in his life, all in the two years before his death. A significant proportion of these songs reflected working class life and struggles. He often collaborated with lyricist Tian Han.
The stamp above features the national anthem score, in the middle the First Day Cover, and below the composer Nie Er.
